Special Surgical Procedures II
LESSON 2: Procedures in Gynecological and Obstetrical Surgery
Section I: ANATOMY OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
2-3
2-3. THE UTERUS
The uterus, which occupies a central place in the pelvis, is a pear-shaped organ directed downward and backward. At the upper lateral points, the uterus receives the uterine tubes (Fallopian tubes). The fundus of the uterus is the upper rounded portion situated above the level of the tubal openings. The main portion of the uterus is called the body. Below, the body of the uterus joins the cervix, from which it is separated by a slightly constricted canal, called the isthmus. The cervix lies at the level of the ischial spines. The lumen of the body of the uterus communicates with the cervical canal at the internal orifice, called the internal os. The cervical canal ends at the vaginal opening of the cervix called the external os. This is a small oval aperture situated between two lips.
