Integumentary System
Lesson 1: Anatomy and Physiology of the Integumentary System
Exercises: Lesson 1
EXERCISES, LESSON 1
INSTRUCTIONS. The following exercises are to be completed by writing the answer in the space provided. After you have completed all the exercises, turn to the "Solution to Exercises" at the end of the exercises and check your answers.
1. The three layers of skin are the epidermis, the dermis, and the ______________ .
2. Individuals with thin skin have a thin _______________________ layer of skin.
3. Mucous membranes and serous membranes are two types of _________ tissue.
4. What causes the odor associated with sweat? __________________________
________________________________________________________________.
5. What causes " goose bumps?" ______________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________.
6. ____________________________________ glands secrete a lubricant (sebum)
that keeps hair from drying out and becoming too brittle.
7. Blackheads are caused by: _________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________.
8. The layer of epidermis that is completely filled with keratin is the ___________.
9. ____________________ is the waterproofing protein in the skin which keeps
humans from soaking up water like a sponge.
10. The dermis, the second layer of skin, contains nerves, sweat glands,
_______________________, lymph vessels, and ________________________.
11. The reticular layer of the dermis contains fibers which give the skin two important
qualities: the ability to _____________ and the ability to ___________________
after extension or contraction.
12. List three functions of the subcutaneous layer of skin.
a. ____________________________________________________.
b. ____________________________________________________.
c. ____________________________________________________.
13. The primary function of hair is __________________________.
14. How many hairs does an average adult have? _____________________.
15. How many hairs does an average adult have on the scalp? ________________.
16. List the three parts of a hair shaft.
a. ____________________________________________________.
b. ____________________________________________________.
c. ____________________________________________________.
17. A person with white hair has mostly ______________in the cortex of the hair; a
person with black hair has __________________ in the hair cortex.
18. _______________ is a keratinized structure which grows out of a tubular canal
called a hair follicle.
19. Melanocytes in the hair bulb are responsible for ________________________ of
hair.
20. The papilla of the hair, an indentation filled with loose connective tissue, contains
many __________________ and provides _________________ for growing hair.
21. Sebaceous glands are _________________which are connected to hair follicles.
22. Sebum, a skin lubricant secreted by sebaceous glands, serves two functions:
________________________________________________________________
and ____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________.
23. What causes acne? _______________________________________________
24. The whitish, moon-shaped area near the root of a fingernail is the ___________.
25. Exteroceptors, receptors located in the skin, stimulate what four basic sensations?
a. ________________________________________.
b. ________________________________________.
c. ________________________________________.
d. ________________________________________.
26. The acid mantle on the skin surface protects the body from ________________
and ________________________.
27. If you are in an environment that is too hot, skin receptors cause sudoriferous
glands to produce __________________________ which cools your body.
